How colonial rule radically shifts historical responsibility for climate change
Cumulative CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, land use and forestry, 1850-2023, million tonnes
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1850
USA
728
United Kingdom
458
Russia
419
China
191
France
69
Netherlands
66
Spain
55
Côte d'Ivoire
42
Hungary
41
Austria
37
Germany
34
Brazil
30
Argentina
30
Venezuela
27
Japan
13
Canada
0
India
0
Indonesia
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Remaining 1.5C budget
100.0%
1850